The historical background of human resource management human resource management has changed in name various times throughout history. Although there were numerous early contributors to the literature, the most influential pioneers were alfred d. The term derives from the greek strategos, translated as a general in command of troops or the art of the general or plan to destroy enemies through effective use of resources 18, 76, 78. It is a country which amazes and delights at the same time, a unique country. A brief history of the concept 8 a multiplicity of meanings assumptions and metatheories 20 strategists and stakeholders 26 the social web and the political process of strategy making 33 2 thinking and acting strategically 43 case study scenariothe ikea way 44 the distinction between strategic thinking, strategic management and. Chaneta department of business studies faculty of commerce university of zimbabwe abstract wheelen and hunger 2002 say that strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the longrun performance of an organization. It begins with the historical background of performance appraisal, how the appraisal process was introduced.
The history of strategic management can be traced back several thousand years. Historical development of strategic management birth of strategic management. The first provides an introduction to the roots of modern thought and proceeds to dissect more recent contributions into four schools. History and background of strategic human resource management with the development of information technologyoriented hightech, internet and ecommerce applications, the human and the new economy knowledgebased economy, knowledge of the decisive role in creating organizational competitive advantage is increasingly obvious. Strategic management as a discipline originated in the 1950s and 60s. A brief history of performance management the people hr. The development of the strategic management field has been outlined in many. The term strategy is derived from the greek word strategos which means general or army leader. Special thanks is extended to those who participated in the case studies by sharing the details of their strategies. The chapter presents the origin of strategy and focuses on the historical development of. Strategic management has been important throughout history, but the evolution of strategic management into a field of study has mostly taken place over the past century.
Great wisdom about strategy can be acquired by understanding the past, but ignoring the lessons of history can lead to costly strategic mistakes that could have been avoided. It highlights the different perspectives of strategy that have emerged from. Strategic management is a continuum of successive stages such as. Inductive derivation of a consensus definition of the field abstract it is commonly asserted that the field of strategic management is fragmented and lacks a coherent identity. Corporate strategy is the pattern of deci sions in a company t hat determines and reveals its objectives, purposes, or goals, produces the principal policies and. But on the whole, the way companies conduct appraisals has changed massively over the last 100 years so we thought you might like to see a brief overview of performance management over the years. Universities contain many different fields of study, including physics, literature, chemistry, computer science, and engineering.
We improve the performance of your internet investment through a combination of traditional principles. This article traces the history of strategic planning from its ancient greek origins through early 20th century and modern corporate practices, to recent public sector efforts. The document posses full history of management history from henry fayol to bureaucratic structures. The history of total quality management tqm began initially as a term coined by the naval air systems command to describe its japanesestyle management approach to quality improvement. The history of strategic management mastering strategic. This article analyses a sample of those histories using. The theory and practice of strategy in business organizations. Historical background of management free download as powerpoint presentation. Defining the organizations business and developing a strategic mission as a basis for establishing what the organization does or doesnt do and where its headed. Strategic management is a broader term than strategy and is a process that includes top management s analysis of the environment in which the organization operates prior to formulat ing a strategy, as well as the plan for implementation and control of the strategy. But subsequent experience with strategic planning led to mixed results. Strategic management process strategic management process dr i. Personnel management was an administrative oriented function basing itself of taylors scientific management approach. Project management isnt new, but the history of project management is a relatively new development.
Moreover, knowledge of the history of management accounting will facilitate an understanding of the future of this profession. In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and. The strategic management subject is in effect since history but has been taught as a syllabus of recent, to win over the various limiting factors attached with the organisation. In the corporate sector, its emergence started after. This means that the two branches ask very different types of research questions and. The history of strategic management 2012 book archive. The name change was mainly due to the change in social and economic activities throughout history.
Its only once the discipline had been codified that we could start to look back and identify key points in time that contributed to its development, such as. Lecture plan revision of previous class strategic management process phase 1 environmental analysistools used methods of environmental forecasting 2. Historical background of management max weber bureaucracy. In order to achieve my goalthe importance of strategic management. It then elaborates on the definition of performance appraisal and why it is conducted.
In general terms, the main purpose of strategic management may be defined as the decisions. A thorough understanding of the history and development of management accounting is required before the gap between education and practice can be investigated. Annually each of the ten ancient greek tribes elected a strategos to be its leader. Moreover the typological explanation of the strategy development process, a concern for how strategies are developed and implemented rose. The first provides an introduction to the roots of modern thought and. Strategic planning was a plausible invention and received an enthusiastic reception from the business community. The term performance management gained its importance from the times when the competitive pressures in the market place started rising and the organizations felt the need of introducing a comprehensive performance management process into their system for improving the overall productivity and performance effectiveness. The historical development of the strategic management.
According to armstrong 2006 human resource management hrm is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives. Strategic planning has a very colorful history that dates back to ancient greek civilization. Human resource management hrm, evolution, history introduction defining human resource management hrm according to armstrong 2006 human resource management hrm is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets the people. We are very adept regarding business development, goals, and needs including assessment, listening to your goals, strategic planning and implementation, and management. It is usually considered that strategic management has five critical components. Strategic managementunit i strategy and process 9conceptual framework for strategic management, the concept of strategy and thestrategy formation process stakeholders in business vision, mission and purpose business definition, objectives and goals corporate governance and socialresponsibilitycase study.
The etymology or history of the word strategy comes from the old french. This collection of readings, representing the historical evolution of the subject of strategic management, covers two volumes. It is a mixture of flavours, tastes, people, and culture. Historical background of strategic planning strategic planning has a very colorful history that dates back to ancient greek civilization. The historical background of human resource management. The history of marketing practice is grounded in the management and marketing disciplines, while the history of marketing thought is grounded in economic and cultural history.
That is, strategic management entails the analysis of internal and external environments of a firrrm to maximize the utilization of resources in relation to objectives. A brief history of management our future at work medium. A few of the key business and academic events that have helped the field develop are discussed next figure 1. The importance of the strategic management process in the. Historical development of the strategic management concept free download as pdf file. The typical organizational chart now primarily traced how information was aggregated into larger strategic wholes which depended on generalized abstractions and. The subject is situational and so a script will never be enough but is meant to imbibe in student a sense and direction of tact of management. In a world that is becoming ever more subject to change. Their input, advice, and lessons learned, both successes and failures, have been incorporated into this document so that we may all apply better strategic management processes in our organizations.
The historical background of human resource management personnel administration, which emerged as a clearly defined field by the 1920s at. A brief history of scientific management convergent1. A brief history of ryanair is set out to provide a background of submissions. An umbrella methodology for continually improving the quality of all processes, it draws on a knowledge of the principles and practices of. This is the history of strategic management, section 1. The history is filled with the examples where the strategic management of offensives and counter offensives paved the path for decisive victories. Later attempts to bring science into management included the development of the theory of constraints, management by objectives, reengineering, six sigma, the waterfall method of software. However, the origins of human resource management dates to the industrial revolution when factory owners established a department to look into wages, welfare and other labor related issues. Historical background of performance appraisal management. Historical development of the strategic management concept scribd. Besides, the challenge of strategic management also should be aware of so that it can be operated well in the competitive market. Characteristics of strategic management in innovation in.
Fundamentals of strategic management sage publications. Pdf historical evolution of strategic management, volumes i and ii. History and background of strategic human resource. Strategy the word strategy has so many meanings itself and all these meanings are useful, important and relevant to the people who. The historical development of the strategic management concept. This paper examines the issue of the historical development of the knowledge dubbed strategic management. Strategic management is the direct organizational application of the concepts of business strategy that have been developed in the academic realm. The historical development of the strategic management discipline. Characteristics of strategic management in innovation in the field of hotel services in romania. The art of strategic management remained primarily associated with the military history. Strategic planning to strategic management strategic planning to strategic management. Building a foundation for your future 4 customer characteristics and purchasing hot buttons provide the information needed to decide whether the firm can and should attempt to gain or maintain a sustainable competitive advantage for marketing to a particular market segment lehmann and winer 1994. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the origins of strategic management. The strategic approach to management is as old as warfare, and it even has military origins.
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